Python Code for Snake Game Using Pygame - Full Source Code Included

Table of Contents

1. Setting Up Your Environment
2. Game Design Overview
3. Creating the Game Window
4. Full Python Code for Snake Game
5. Conclusion

The Snake Game is a classic arcade game that has been enjoyed by countless players since its inception. The game involves controlling a snake to eat food items that appear randomly on the screen. Each time the snake eats, it grows longer, and the game becomes more challenging. This article will guide you through creating a Snake Game in Python, a great project for both beginners and experienced programmers.

Setting Up Your Environment

Installing Python

First things first, you need Python installed on your machine. You can download the latest version of Python from python.org. Follow the instructions for your operating system to complete the installation.

Required Libraries

For this project, we'll be using the Pygame library, which makes it easy to create games in Python. You can install Pygame using pip:

pip install pygame

Game Design Overview

Game Objectives

The main objective of the Snake Game is to navigate the snake to eat as many food items as possible without colliding with the walls or itself.

Basic Game Components

The game consists of three primary components:

• Snake: The player controls the snake.
• Food: Randomly appears on the screen for the snake to eat.
• Game Window: The screen where the game is displayed.

Creating the Game Window

Defining Colors and Display Dimensions

We’ll define some colors and set up the display dimensions. This will help us customize the look of our game.

# Define colors
white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)

# Customizable colors
background_color = black
snake_color = green
food_color = red

# Display dimensions
dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600

Initializing the Game

Next, we initialize the game and set up the display, clock, and fonts.

import pygame
import random

pygame.init()

# Set up display
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game by CodewithFaraz')

clock = pygame.time.Clock()
snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15

# Fonts
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms", 35)

Drawing the Snake

We need a function to draw the snake on the screen. The snake will be represented by a list of coordinates.

def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
    for x in snake_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, snake_color, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])

Displaying Messages

Let's add functions to display messages and scores on the screen.

def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 6, dis_height / 3])

def Your_score(score):
    value = score_font.render("Your Score: " + str(score), True, white)
    dis.blit(value, [0, 0])

Game Loop Structure

The game loop is where all the action happens. It keeps the game running, handles user input, updates game elements, and checks for collisions.

def gameLoop():
    game_over = False
    game_close = False

    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2

    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0

    snake_List = []
    Length_of_snake = 1

    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    while not game_over:

        while game_close == True:
            dis.fill(background_color)
            message("You Lost! Press Q-Quit or C-Play Again", red)
            Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)
            pygame.display.update()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = False
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:
                        gameLoop()

Handling User Inputs

We need to handle key presses to control the snake’s direction.

for event in pygame. event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                game_over = True
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0

Updating Game Elements

Update the snake's position, check for collisions, and grow the snake when it eats food.

        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = True
        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(background_color)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, food_color, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
        snake_Head = []
        snake_Head.append(x1)
        snake_Head.append(y1)
        snake_List.append(snake_Head)
        if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:
            del snake_List[0]

        for x in snake_List[:-1]:
            if x == snake_Head:
                game_close = True

        our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)
        Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)
        pygame.display.update()

        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            Length_of_snake += 1

        clock.tick(snake_speed)

    pygame.quit()
    quit()

gameLoop()

Full Python Code for Snake Game

import pygame
import random

pygame.init()

# Define colors
white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)

# Customizable colors
background_color = black
snake_color = green
food_color = red

# Display dimensions
dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600


# Set up display
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game by CodewithFaraz')

clock = pygame.time.Clock()
snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15

# Fonts
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms", 35)

def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
    for x in snake_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, snake_color, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])

def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 6, dis_height / 3])

def Your_score(score):
    value = score_font.render("Your Score: " + str(score), True, white)
    dis.blit(value, [0, 0])

def gameLoop():
    game_over = False
    game_close = False

    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2

    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0

    snake_List = []
    Length_of_snake = 1

    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    while not game_over:

        while game_close == True:
            dis.fill(background_color)
            message("You Lost! Press Q-Quit or C-Play Again", red)
            Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)
            pygame.display.update()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = False
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:
                        gameLoop()

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                game_over = True
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0

        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = True
        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(background_color)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, food_color, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
        snake_Head = []
        snake_Head.append(x1)
        snake_Head.append(y1)
        snake_List.append(snake_Head)
        if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:
            del snake_List[0]

        for x in snake_List[:-1]:
            if x == snake_Head:
                game_close = True

        our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)
        Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)
        pygame.display.update()

        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            Length_of_snake += 1

        clock.tick(snake_speed)

    pygame.quit()
    quit()

gameLoop()

Conclusion

Building a Snake Game in Python is a fun and educational project. It covers various fundamental programming concepts such as loops, conditionals, and functions, as well as game development principles. By following this guide, you should now have a functional Snake Game that you can further enhance and customize.

That’s a wrap!

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Faraz 😊